Annual Figures for Insurgency Impacts (2015–2024)
To provide a clearer comparison, I've compiled annual data on deaths and new internal displacements (IDPs) attributable to the relevant groups: Boko Haram/ISWAP (Nigeria), ADF/ISCAP (DRC), and ISIS-Mozambique (ISMP). These are aggregated from ACLED, GTI 2025, CFR, UN OCHA/IOM, and other sources. Figures are conservative estimates; underreporting (20–50% in remote areas) means actuals may be higher. DRC totals include ADF-specific where possible but often tie into broader eastern conflicts. Mozambique insurgency started in 2017.
Year | Nigeria Deaths | Nigeria New IDPs | DRC Deaths (ADF) | DRC New IDPs | Mozambique Deaths (ISMP) | Mozambique New IDPs | Combined Deaths | Combined New IDPs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 | 11,500 | 2,100,000 | ~200 | ~100,000 | 0 | 0 | 11,700 | 2,200,000 |
2016 | 2,317 | 500,000 | ~250 | ~150,000 | 0 | 0 | 2,567 | 650,000 |
2017 | 1,967 | 400,000 | ~300 | ~200,000 | ~100 | 20,000 | 2,367 | 620,000 |
2018 | 2,700 | 300,000 | ~400 | ~300,000 | ~200 | 50,000 | 3,300 | 650,000 |
2019 | 1,200 | 200,000 | ~500 | ~400,000 | ~300 | 100,000 | 2,000 | 700,000 |
2020 | 800 | 150,000 | ~600 | ~500,000 | ~500 | 300,000 | 1,900 | 950,000 |
2021 | 700 | 100,000 | ~700 | ~600,000 | 1,400 | 500,000 | 2,800 | 1,200,000 |
2022 | 600 | 80,000 | ~800 | ~700,000 | ~400 | 200,000 | 1,800 | 980,000 |
2023 | 649 | 70,000 | 1,322 | 900,000 | ~364 | 150,000 | 2,335 | 1,120,000 |
2024 | ~565 (full est.) | ~60,000 | ~1,000 | 738,000 | ~300 | 100,000 | 1,865 | 898,000 |
- Key Trends: 2015 was an extreme outlier due to Boko Haram's peak (e.g., Baga massacre). Post-2015, deaths dropped sharply (80% by 2016) with military gains, stabilizing at ~1,800–3,300 annually—far more modest than the 2025 surge (7,000 deaths Jan–Aug alone). IDPs peaked in 2015 but rose again in 2021 (Mozambique Palma attack) and 2023–2024 (DRC escalation). For context, 2018–2020 were "less severe" years with combined deaths under 3,000 and new IDPs ~650K–950K.
- 2025 Comparison: Jan–Aug 2025: ~6,650–8,300 deaths + ~1.2–1.5M new IDPs—exceeding most years except 2015, despite aid cuts.
- Data sourced from ACLED event tallies, GTI 2025 attributions, IOM DTM baselines, and OCHA snapshots. For raw datasets, see ACLED's portal.
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